Boltzmann constant (symbol k), a fundamental constant of physics occurring in nearly every statistical formulation of both classical and quantum physics. The constant provides a measure of the amount of energy (i.e., heat) corresponding to the random thermal motions of the particles making up a substance.

Learn about Boltzmann constant, a physical constant that relates the average kinetic energy of gas particles and the temperature of the gas. Find out its value in different units, formula, and applications in thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and semiconductor physics.

Learn what the Boltzmann constant (k) is and how it relates to the ideal gas law, entropy, and black-body radiation. Find out its value in different units and the difference between k and σ.

The Boltzmann constant (k B) relates temperature to energy and is named for Ludwig Boltzmann, a pioneer of statistical mechanics. Learn how k B was redefined in 2018 and how it is measured with different methods at NIST.

kT is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k, and the temperature, T. It is used as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems and as a measure of heat and entropy.

Boltzmann constant. Numerical value. 1.380 649 x 10-23 J K-1. Standard uncertainty. (exact) Relative standard uncertainty.

Since there is Avogadro’s number of molecules per mole, we can divide any of the values above by \(\overline{N}\) to get \(R\) on a per-molecule basis. Traditionally, however, this constant is given a different name; it is Boltzmann’s constant, usually given the symbol \(k\).

Learn about the Boltzmann constant, a physical constant that relates the average kinetic energy of a particle in a gas with the temperature of the gas. Find out its value, units, definition and reference.

Learn what Boltzmann's constant is, how to calculate it, and how it relates to temperature, entropy and energy. Explore its applications in classical and quantum physics, thermodynamics and semiconductor physics.