Learn about ecosystems, the complex of living organisms and their physical environment, and how they function and vary. Explore the energy flow, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity of different ecosystems with Britannica.

Learn what an ecosystem is, how it is composed of biotic and abiotic components, and how it functions. Explore the different types of ecosystems, such as terrestrial and aquatic, and their ecological concepts, such as food chain and pyramid.

Learn what an ecosystem is, how it works, and what types of ecosystems exist on land and in water. Explore the biotic and abiotic factors, energy flow, and conservation issues of different habitats.

An ecosystem is a system consisting of biotic and abiotic components that function together as a unit. The biotic components include all the living things whereas the abiotic components are the non-living things.

An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic (living) factors , as well as abiotic (nonliving) factors.

Learn what an ecosystem is, how energy and matter move through ecosystems, and what makes an ecosystem stable.